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beware of heart failure

DEFINITIONS

    Conggestive heart failure is a term which the heart could not  to pump enough blood to conform the needs of the body circulation for metabolism of body tissues in specific circumstances, which in cardiac the pressure is still high.



CAUSES OF HEART FAILURE

1. Triggers of heart failures catagories as below:

Increased metabolic demands - increasing needs exceed {demand overload}
My_ocardial disfunction {my.ocardial failures}

Curtain of excessife pressures - Loaded systolic

Excessive volume load - loading diastolic (diastolic overload)


2. Impaired-filling



Fuse

Hypertension, infarction, pulmonary-embolism, infections, arhythmia, anemias, pregnancy, febrile, emotional stress,  childbirth, infusion, transfusion.

Pathophysiology

Each obstacle in the flow direction to forward flow in the circulation will cause the dam to the flow in the opposite direction {backward congestion}. Barriers flux {read: forward failure} could caused the failure symptoms  in the backward flow of bloood circulation system. Mechanisms of cardiac compensation in heart failure is the body's attempt to maintain blood circulation to meet tissue metabolic needs. Compensatory mechanisms that occur in heart failure was: dilated ventricle, ventricular hypertrophy, an increase in sympathetic stimulation in the form of tachycardia and peripheral vasikonstriksi, elevation of plasma catecholamine levels, retention of salt and fluid loss and increased eksttraksi oxygen by tissues. When the heart of the right and the left joint-ama in a state of failure due to disruption of blood flow and the presence of dams, it will look for signs and symptoms of heart failure in the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation. This situation known are called Congestive Heart Failure (CHF). The following scheme explains the occurrence of heart failure, giving rise to clinical manifestations and nursing problems.



EXAMINATION LABORATORY:

There is no specific test that can diagnose heart failure. Laboratory tests are required only to determine the extent of heart failure has disrupted the functions of other organs such as liver, kidney and others.

EXAMINATION OTHER SUPPORT:

A. Radiology:

Arola lung shadows thick and wide, getting to the edge density is reduced

Lung field patches because of pulmonary edema

Pulmonary venous distention

Cardiac enlargement

B. ECG:

Primary cardiac abnormalities can be found (ischemic, ventricular hypertrophy, rhythm disturbances) and signs of acute precipitating factors (myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism)

C. Echocardiography:

For the detection of functional and anatomical disorders that cause heart failure

D. Cardiac Catheterization:

For further handlers.